Excerpt - Apocalyptic Commentary of the Book of Isaiah by Avraham Gileadi, Ph.D.

2:3 Many people shall go, saying, Come, let us go up to the mountain of Jehovah, to the house of the God of Jacob, that he may instruct us in his ways, that we may follow in his paths. For out of Zion shall go forth the law, and from Jerusalem the word of Jehovah.

While verse 2 speaks of “all nations,” verse 3 mentions “many peoples.” Because the return of Jehovah’s people in the new exodus to Zion occurs from among “all nations” (Isaiah 52:10–12), “many peoples” more definitively identifies remnants of all nations (Isaiah 11:11–12, 15–16; 49:22). The verb “go up” or “ascend” (‘lh) denotes the ascent of Jehovah’s people to a higher spiritual level (cf. Isaiah 40:31) and compares their return from exile to Israel’s ancient pilgrimage to the temple (Psalm 122:1–4; Isaiah 30:29) where the Levites taught Jehovah’s law and word (2 Chronicles 30:1, 22; 35:2–3).
The restoration of Jehovah’s law and word—the terms of his covenant—forms an integral part of “the restoration of all things” (Acts 3:21) that existed in ancient Israel. Together with temple ordinances and blessings pertaining to Jehovah’s covenant, the way is thus prepared for the long-awaited millennium of peace to begin (v 4). While the names Zion and Jerusalem identify a category of Jehovah’s people who repent (Isaiah 1:27; 40:1–2; 55:6–7; 59:20), they additionally allude to two millennial centers from which Jehovah’s law and word go forth to all nations (Isaiah 4:3; 12:4–6; 33:20; 51:4–5).

2:4 He will judge between the nations and arbitrate for many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares, their spears into pruning hooks: nation will not lift the sword against nation, nor will they learn warfare any more.

The millennial peace Jehovah establishes follows a war to end all wars (Isaiah 14:4–7). The nations who comprise the earth’s millennial inhabitants engage in agriculture rather than warfare (Isaiah 30:23–24; 61:5; 65:10, 21–22). Never again do they “lift up,” “sustain,” or “elevate” (yissa’) tyrants such as the king of Assyria/Babylon—Jehovah’s sword of destruction. By Isaiah’s definition, those who “judge” are principally Jehovah and his servant (Isaiah 5:16; 11:3–4; 16:5; 33:22; 51:5), although certain “judges” additionally judge in Jehovah’s theocratic millennial government (Isaiah 1:26; 28:6).



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