Storied Connections between Egypt and Israel

Abram (Abraham) arrives in the Land of Canaan from Haran in northwest Mesopotamia only to discover that the famine he leaves behind prevails there also. He continues south to Egypt, where Pharaoh showers him with gifts but takes Sarai (Sarah), returning her to him only after he discovers she is Abram’s wife (Genesis 12). When Joseph, whom his brothers sell into Egypt, interprets Pharaoh’s dreams about seven years of famine followed by seven years of plenty, Pharaoh appoints him vice-regent of all Egypt. Soon after the famine hits the Land of Canaan, Joseph’s brothers and father Jacob find livelihood with him in Egypt (Genesis 37, 39–47).

Egypt provides a refuge for Jacob’s descendants for over 400 years (Genesis 15:13; Exodus 12:40). In a manner of speaking, Egypt gives birth to Israel as a nation at their exodus out of Egypt when Jehovah covenants with Jacob’s descendants to be their God and they his people (Exodus 6:7; Leviticus 26:12). Throughout biblical history, Egypt continues to be a haven for Israel’s refugees (1 Kings 11:40; 2 Kings 25:26; Jeremiah 26:20–21; Matthew 2:13–14). Still, Isaiah decries his people’s reliance on Egypt instead of on Jehovah when enemies threaten (Isaiah 30:1–5; 31:1–3); and Jeremiah reprimands Jews who escape there (Jeremiah 42–44).

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