Excerpt - Apocalyptic Commentary of the Book of Isaiah by Avraham Gileadi, Ph.D.

1:25 I will restore my hand over you and smelt away your dross as in a crucible, and remove all your alloy.

To counter the wickedness of his people's leaders, Jehovah "restores" ('asiba) all things pertaining to his people. This he does through the agency of his servant who prepares the way before his coming to reign on the earth (cf. Matthew 17:11; Acts 3:21). As Jehovah's hand or right hand (Isaiah 11:10-12, 14-15; 41:2, 10, 13; 49:1-3), the servant restores Jehovah's people and their lands (Isaiah 49:5-6, 8) and deals with his people's enemies (Isaiah 50:10-11). The "dross" and "alloy"-the lowest spiritual categories of his people-Jehovah purges away in his Day of Judgment (cf. Malachi 3:1-5).

1:26 I will restore your judges as at the first, and your counselors as in the beginning. After this you shall be called the City of Righteousness, a faithful city.

The two parallel statements-"I will restore" ('asibah) (vv 25-26)-signify not only that both restorations form a part of the same event but that one flows out of the other. In other words, the refinement "as in a crucible" (v 25) that results in pure silver or gold leads to the appointment of righteous leaders "as at the first" and "as in the beginning" (v 26). That leadership of Jehovah's people follows the pattern of Moses and Israel's judges (Exodus 18:13-26), who established a theocratic government: "A king shall reign in righteousness and rulers rule with justice" (Isaiah 32:1; cf. Jeremiah 23:1-5).
After this you shall be called the City of Righteousness, a faithful city. While the once-faithful "city" becomes a "harlot"-a place in which "righteousness" no longer abides (v 21)-Jehovah's cleansing results in a city of righteousness grounded in principles of righteousness and founded by righteousness-Jehovah's servant (Isaiah 41:2; 46:11-13). That city, called "Zion" (v 27), Jehovah preserves from a Sodom-and-Gomorrah type of destruction (vv 8-9). Two "cities" thus emerge in the Book of Isaiah: one wicked, the other righteous; one destroyed, the other delivered (Isaiah 25:2; 26:1-6; 33:20).

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